Three Mile Hill, A414, Hylands Park, Near Chelmsford

OS 1937-61
Modern Map
Date opened/built:

c.1940.

Length:

2.07 miles (3.34kms).

Width:

Period, 9ft.

Adjoining footway:

Period, yes; today, no — shared use path.

Road type:

Rural dual carriageway.

Surface:

Modern asphalt and some period concrete.

Both sides of road:

Yes, but truncated several times on west side of road.

Adjacent to social housing:

No.

Period mapping:

OS Six inch revised 1938, published 1946 https://maps.nls.uk/view/101456933 Doesn’t show road widening or cycle tracks. OS Six inch, surveyed/revised pre-1930 to 1959, published 1960 https://maps.nls.uk/view/189255650 Shows widened road and central reservation but no cycle tracks or footways.

OpenCycleMap status:

https://www.opencyclemap.org/?zoom=15&lat=51.70995&lon=0.44587&layers=B0000 Shows cycleway on one side of road and for only a third of the bypass, with the cycleway diverting into Hyland Park.

Sources:

Period maps, period newspapers.

Other:

Discussion about “separate tracks for pedestrians and for cyclists” beside the planned dual carriageway road — then the A12 — beside Hylands Park started in 1935 but it was at least five years before it opened. In February 1939 the Ministry of Transport’s divisional engineer confirmed building work was under way; as most of these period bypasses took two years to complete it’s reasonable to assume that, war preparations notwithstanding, the road opened in 1940.

And the road, when opened, was in all probability equipped with contiguous cycle tracks and footways. They are not contiguous today. Only one shared-used path is visible today and this is narrow and overgrown in parts, and disappears completely in other parts.

On the west side it is truncated here: https://goo.gl/maps/568idEL6kJKjVFuo7 starts again: https://goo.gl/maps/rybvuwqFp8gMyAZ57 and then ends again: https://goo.gl/maps/53GtxsfVwM7J6afWA Then dirt here: https://goo.gl/maps/gkAjJgktePgYCAkQA It diverts to a house here: https://goo.gl/maps/KX11wjamB5jZv8Y66

On the east side the track is truncated here: https://goo.gl/maps/5LJXzSfF9gwuhCJp9 then narrow path starts again: https://goo.gl/maps/hXVNUsNLar3PT6jt6 There’s a long gap and then the track starts again: https://goo.gl/maps/BaeoB2v5Sp1r3YDk8

There’s no period map evidence for the cycle tracks but the 1938 tender for the road’s construction stipulated their provision. The road had been given the go-ahead in 1935.

“Important road schemes were approved by the Essex County Council their meeting this week,” started a local newspaper report in November of that year, confirming that several towns and villages on the route of the A12 were to be bypassed.

“Dual concrete carriageways are planned for each by-pass well as separate tracks for pedestrians and for cyclists,” continued the news report.

In 1936, the Essex county surveyor was quoted saying that the road beside Hylands Park — described as the Margaretting-Widford Road — was to be equipped with “an entirely new carriageway, 20ft. in width, with cycle tracks parallel to the existing road which would form one of the dual carriageways through Hylands Park and joining the main road again near the by-pass.”

MoT eastern division manager Mr. J. Rowland Hill told a meeting of surveyors in 1939 that “the Minister [of Transport] is convinced that, as far as Trunk Roads are concerned, provision should be made for complete segregation of the various forms of traffic and, in all major schemes affecting Trunk Roads, footpaths, cycle tracks, and dual carriageways are to be provided.”

He added: “Two [such] schemes have been commenced, i.e., the duplication of the carriageway and the provision of cycle tracks, etc., between Kelvedon and Marks Tey, and also between Margaretting and Widford.”

Rowland Hill’s talk, delivered at the County Hotel in Chelmsford, was covered by the local press. A photograph of Hylands Park on the news report was captioned with the information that the “present road will be widened and cycle tracks nine feet wide will be provided between the old road and the new one.”

NOTES

Discussion about “separate tracks for pedestrians ... The route started at Widford linking with the 3.25 mile Chelmsford bypass opened on 25 May 1932 by Prince George, youngest son of King George V.

There’s no period map evidence ... ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES DEPARTMENT RECONSTRUCTION OF LONDON YARMOUTH TRUNK ROAD NO. 3. ROUTE A12, SECTION IV., MARGARETTING TO WIDFORD. TENDERS are INVITED for the CONSTRUCTION of APPROXIMATELY 2 MILES OF DUAL CARRIAGEWAYS, INCLUDING BRIDGES AND INCIDENTAL WORKS, on the above-named road, in the PARISHES OF WHITTLE and MARGARETTING and the BOROUGH OF CHELMSFORD. The scheme comprises the construction of a new reinforced Concrete Carriageway and the launching of the existing carriageway with reinforced concrete, the construction in REINFORCED CONCRETE of a new 42’ 0” span Bridge, and the Extension by 23’ 0” the existing 42’ 0” span Widford Bridge, Three Box culverts, and other incidental structures. The work also includes the Construction of Cycle-tracks and Footpaths, Boundary and Retaining Walls in BRICKWORK, the widening and forming of Embankments, Main Drainage and Accommodation Works. Conditions of Contract, Specification, and Bill of Quantities can be obtained trom the undersigned upon the deposit of £5/-, to be paid direct to the County Accountant, County Hall, Chelmsford, which sum will be returned upon the receipt of bona-fide Tender which is not subsequently withdrawn by the Contractors. Tenders, in sealed envelopes, must be addressed to the Clerk of the County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford, endorsed: Tender for CONSTRUCTION OF DUAL CARRIAGEWAYS AND BRIDGEWORKS, MARGARETTING - WIDFORD. LONDONYARMOUTH TRUNK ROAD NO, 3 (Highways Dept.), and be received there not’later than 5 p.m. on FRIDAY, 18th NOVEMBER 1938. Drawings can be seen at this Office between the houTs of 9 a.m. and 1 p. . and 2.15 p.m. and 5 p.m. by appointment. The Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any Tender. ROBT. H. BUCKLEY, M.lnst.M. & Cy.E.. County Surveyor, Chelmsford. Old Court, Chelmsford. ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL HIGHWAYS AND BRIDGES DEPARTMENT. LONDON-YARMOUTH TRUNK ROAD NO. 3. ROUTE A.12. INGATESTONE BY-PASS. TENDERS are INVITED for the CONSTRUCTION of INGATES- TONE BYPASS. The work includes the construction of new reinforced concrete carriageways, cycletracks, surface water sewers, retaining walls, footways, and incidental works within a length of approximately two miles. Conditions of Contract, Specification. Bills of Quantities, and Form of Tender may be obtained from the undersigned upon deposit of £5, to be paid direct to the County Accountant. County Hall, Chelmsford, which sum will be returned upon receipt of a bonafide Tender which is not subsequently withdrawn by the Contractor. Tenders in sealed envelopes, addressed to the Clerk of the County Council, County Hall. Chelmsford, and endorsed “ Tender for Ingatestone By-Pass,” must reach this Office not later than 5 p.m. on the 18th NOVEMBER, 1938. Drawings may be inspected at this Office between the hours of 10.0 a.m. and 1 p.m. and 2.30 p.m. and 5 p.m. BY APPOINTMENT. The Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest any Tender. Chelmsford Chronicle, 28 October 1938.

“Dual concrete carriageways ... Chelmsford Chronicle, 22 November 1935.

In 1936, the Essex county surveyor ... Chelmsford Chronicle, 28 February 1936.

A photograph of Hylands Park ... The annual meeting of the Rural Essex Sub-Area of the Beds, Herts, and Rural Essex branch of the Chartered Surveyors’ Institution was held on Wednesday at the County Hotel, Chelmsford, attended by a large number of members from all parts of the Area.
Mr. Glenny was in the chair at luncheon, when the guests included Mr. J. Rowland Hill who is concerned at the Ministry of Transport with Essex roads; Ald. F. H. Dane, chairman of the Essex County Highways Committee; the County Surveyor, Mr. R. H. Buckley; Mr. Hugh Kemsley, and others.

IMPORTANCE OF OUR ROADS. Mr. J. Rowland Hill, in a paper on “Highway Development in the County of Essex,” said:
The Programme, which was approved by the Minister, included for the duplication of the carriageway on the Southend road; the construction of the Clacton west loop; the link road at Chelmsford; the by-pass to Hornchurch High Street; the improvement of the High Street in Romford; the Epping New Road; and the Colchester-Weeley road, etc.

TRAFFIC SEGREGATION.
The Minister is convinced that, as far as Trunk Roads are concerned, provision should be made for complete segregation of the various forms of traffic and, in all major schemes affecting Trunk Roads, footpaths, cycle tracks, and dual carriageways are to be provided.
As far as the London-Norwich and the London-Yarmouth trunk roads are concerned, you will probably aware that the County Council have been preparing amended plans providing the facilities referred to above, and the Minister has been negotiating for the acquisition of the necessary land to permit of three schemes being carried into effect which the County Council initiated before the roads were trunked. Two of these schemes have been commenced, i.e., the duplication of the carriageway and the provision of cycle tracks, etc., between Kelvedon and Marks Tey, and also between Margaretting and Widford, and there is every reason to anticipate that a commencement will be made with the Ingatestone by-pass within the next few weeks.
Ultimately, by-passes will be constructed around Mountnessing, Hatfield Peverel, Witham, and Rivenhall, and Stratford St. Mary, and the duplication of the carriageway and the provision of cycle tracks will be completed due course on the intervening sections of this trunk road. With regard the London-Norwich road, it is the Minister’s intention to commence the construction of the Spellbrook diversion widened and cycle tracks nine feet wide will be provided between the old road and the new one. In order to preserve the beauty, as far as possible, of this spot, a belt of trees will be left between the present road and the new highway between Sawbridgeworth and Bishop’s Stortford as soon as the necessary land has been acquired.

CAPTION: Picture shows the old road, Margaretting to Widford, and how it is to be widened up to the fence. Over 600 trees on the Hylands Park Estate are being felled in these road widening operations which have just commenced on the main London-Chelmsford road. Part of the general scheme for improving the main East Coast road from London to Yarmouth, the new road at Widford will extend for a distance of approximately 2 1/4 miles, and will be used exclusively for all down traffic. The present road will be widened and cycle tracks nine feet wide will be provided between the old road and the new one.

Chelmsford Chronicle, 10 February 1939.

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